About ABL1
No gene-level summary was recorded for this case.
No variant summary was recorded for this case.
Five-step scale from benign to pathogenic. This variant is likely pathogenic. Select a step to read what it means.
Likely pathogenic.A likely pathogenic classification under the recorded framework.
Gene-level background from the recorded interpretation.
Words with a dotted underline have a short definition. Hover or tap them.No gene-level summary was recorded for this case.
The recorded framework is Not recorded. The criteria and strengths shown below come from the saved assessment; this page does not recalculate the classification.
The applied criteria and their strengths are shown as assessed under the stated framework.
Well-established in vitro functional studies demonstrate that the T315I (p.Thr334Ile) substitution in the ABL1 kinase domain disrupts imatinib/STI-571 binding. Reconstitution experiments in 293T cells (PMID:11423618) showed the T315I mutant retained kinase activity at all STI-571 concentrations tested, confirming drug resistance. Crystallographic and biochemical studies (PMID:25686603) demonstrated axitinib binds the T315I mutant in an active DFG-in conformation distinct from wild-type, with Ki=100 pM for the mutant versus 3,800 pM for wild-type. Multiple independent functional assays from two laboratories support a deleterious functional effect.
The c.1001C>T (p.Thr334Ile) variant alters the gatekeeper residue (Thr315 in canonical numbering) located in the ATP-binding pocket of the ABL1 kinase domain. This is a critical functional domain of the tyrosine kinase where pathogenic missense variants cluster without benign variation. The ClinVar 3billion submission also applied PM1.
The variant is absent from gnomAD v2.1, gnomAD v4.1, and gnomAD-Canada v1.0 population databases (allele frequency 0.0%). Per non-VCEP generic ACMG thresholds, PM2 applies when a variant is absent or present at <0.1% in population databases.
REVEL score of 0.587 exceeds the 0.5 threshold for deleterious prediction. BayesDel score of 0.237 provides additional in silico support. SpliceAI predicts no splicing impact (max delta 0.00), consistent with a missense variant whose pathogenic mechanism is at the protein level.
No benign criterion marked as applied in the recorded assessment.
gene-specific framework lacked a usable explicit final combination framework, so generic ACMG/AMP 2015 final-combination rules were applied as fallback; applied criteria: PS3 moderate, PM1 moderate, PM2 moderate, PP3 supporting; combination = 3 moderate + 1 supporting, which maps to Likely Pathogenic.
Evidence summaries and captured source records, where available. Missing entries should not be interpreted as negative findings.
gnomAD v4.1 allele counts were not recorded for this variant.
Absent from gnomAD v2.1.
Absent from gnomAD-Canada v1.0.
Recorded SpliceAI maximum delta score: 0.000. Refer to the recorded PP3/BP4 rationale for interpretation.
1 Likely pathogenic · 1 association.
OncoKB did not identify variant-specific reviewed functional evidence for this variant; gene-level curated context is available for reviewer follow-up. ABL1, a tyrosine kinase, is frequently altered by chromosomal translocations in leukemia.
This variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV59323790, n = 91 times).
This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.
ACMG/AMP criteria under Not recorded, with the data and sources behind each one.
26 criteria with recorded statuses: 4 met · 12 not met · 6 not assessed · 4 not applicable. Open any row for the full reasoning, the rule and the evidence behind it.
This variant has not been observed in population databases (absent from gnomAD v2.1, v4.1, and Canada; PM2).
The c.1001C>T (p.Thr334Ile) substitution alters the gatekeeper residue in the ATP-binding pocket of the ABL1 kinase domain, a critical functional domain where pathogenic missense variants cluster without benign variation (PM1).
Well-established in vitro functional studies demonstrate that the T315I substitution disrupts imatinib/STI-571 binding to the ABL1 kinase. Reconstitution experiments showed the mutant retained kinase activity at all STI-571 concentrations (PMID:11423618), and crystallographic studies confirmed a distinct active conformation with differential inhibitor binding (PMID:25686603) (PS3).
REVEL in silico prediction score of 0.587 supports a deleterious effect on protein function (PP3).
Three moderate criteria (PM1, PM2, PS3) and one supporting criterion (PP3) are met. Per generic ACMG/AMP 2015 combination rules (PMID:25741868), 3 moderate criteria alone meet the threshold for Likely Pathogenic.
Note: The T315I substitution is established as a somatic drug-resistance mutation in BCR-ABL1-driven leukemias. Germline disease association for this specific variant has not been established; ABL1 germline disorders (CHDSKM, HADS) are associated with different residue substitutions. This assessment applies the generic ACMG/AMP framework to the variant irrespective of disease context.
No criteria match.
Every interpreted variant in ABL1, mapped onto the exon structure of NM_007313.2. Select a row to find it on the plot.
| Protein | Location | Classification | Link |
|---|
Absent from gnomAD v4.1.
Absent from gnomAD v2.1.
Absent from gnomAD-Canada v1.0.
SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.00). REVEL score = 0.587. BayesDel score = 0.236673.
6 paper records listed. 3 cited in the classification.
Thr315 is among those that form critical hydrogen bonds with STI-571.
Location Results, paragraph describing hydrogen bonding interactions with inhibitor
Context Crystallography of murine ABL1 kinase domain (aa 229-515) with STI-571 variant; spectrophotometric kinase assay for inhibition
A single, identical C→T nucleotide (nt) change was detected at ABL nt 944 in six of nine cases examined. ... This single nucleotide C→T change results in a threonine to isoleucine substitution at position 315 (Thr315→Ile; T315I) of c-Abl.
Location Abstract; Results, paragraphs 2-4; Fig. 4
Context BCR-ABL reconstitution assay, 293T cells; STI-571 dose-response (0-10 µM); anti-phosphotyrosine and anti-Abl immunoblotting
The BCR–ABL1 kinase domain gatekeeper mutation Thr315Ile (T315I) confers resistance to all approved ABL1 inhibitors except ponatinib, which has toxicity limitations.
Location Abstract; Results, paragraphs 1-6; Fig. 2-4
Context Crystallography (axitinib-ABL1 and axitinib-ABL1(T315I) co-crystals); biochemical kinase inhibition (Ki determination); Ba/F3 cell proliferation and autophosphorylation ELISA; ex vivo drug sensitivity testing of primary CML/Ph+ ALL patient cells; clinical case treatment (5 mg axitinib twice daily)
For the most frequent BCR-ABL1 gene mutations (i.e. M244V, G250E, Y253F/H, E255K/V, T315I, F317L, M351T, ...)
Section: Tyrosine kinase domain mutations; Table listing mutations
Screenshots represent source records captured during evidence collection. Select one to view the recorded source content.
The evidence statements recorded by the interpretation pipeline. They have not been reinterpreted by the page.
Absent from gnomAD v4.1.
Absent from gnomAD v2.1.
Absent from gnomAD-Canada v1.0.
Error retrieving ClinVar entry.
SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.00). REVEL score = 0.587. BayesDel score = 0.236673.
OncoKB did not identify variant-specific reviewed functional evidence for this variant; gene-level curated context is available for reviewer follow-up. ABL1, a tyrosine kinase, is frequently altered by chromosomal translocations in leukemia.
This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV59323790, n = 91 times).
This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.